Tag: sidecar

Istio sidecar injection

There are several ways to inject istio sidecar configuration into Pods. For example: automated injection, YAML/JSON deployment update, using Helm or Kustomize and update of existing live deployment. We will look into each of them.

Automatic Sidecar injection

Istio uses ValidatingAdmissionWebhooks for validating Istio configuration and MutatingAdmissionWebhooks for automatically injecting the sidecar proxy into user pods.

For automatic side car injection to work admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1 should be enabled:

$ kubectl api-versions | grep admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1
admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1

Step two is to verify MutatingAdmissionWebhook and ValidatingAdmissionWebhook plugins are listed in the kube-apiserver –enable-admission-plugins. That can be done by cluster administrators.

Continue reading Istio sidecar injection

Kubernetes sidecar pattern: nginx ssl proxy for nodejs

I learn about sidecar pattern from Kubernetes documentation and later from blog post by Brendan Burns The distributed system toolkit. Sidecar is very useful pattern and work nice with Kubernetes.
In the tutorial I want to demonstrate how “legacy” application can be extend with https support by using  sidecar pattern based on Kubernetes.

Problem

We have legacy application which doesn’t have HTTPS support. We also don’t want to send plain text traffic over network. We don’t want to make any changes to legacy application, but good thing that it is containerised.

Solution

We will use sidecar pattern to add HTTPS support to “legacy” application.

Overview

Main application
For our example main application I will use Nodejs Hello World service (beh01der/web-service-dockerized-example)
Sidecar container 
To add https support I will use Nginx ssl proxy (ployst/nginx-ssl-proxy) container

Deployment

TLS/SSL keys
First we need to generate TLS certificate keys and add them to Kubernetes secrets. For that I am using script from nginx ssl proxy repository which combine all steps in one:
git clone https://github.com/ployst/docker-nginx-ssl-proxy.git
cd docker-nginx-ssl-proxy
./setup-certs.sh /path/to/certs/folder

Adding TLS files to Kubernetes secrets

cd /path/to/certs/folder
kubectl create secret generic ssl-key-secret --from-file=proxykey=proxykey --from-file=proxycert=proxycert --from-file=dhparam=dhparam

Kubernetes sidecar deployment

In following configuration I have defined main application container “nodejs-hello” and nginx container “nginx”. Both containers run in the same pod and share pod resources, so in that way implementing sidecar pattern. One thing you want to modify is hostname, I am using not existing hostname appname.example.com for this example.
apiVersion: apps/v1beta2
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nodejs-hello
  labels:
    app: nodejs
    proxy: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 1
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: nodejs-hello
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: nodejs-hello
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nodejs-hello
        image: beh01der/web-service-dockerized-example
        ports:
        - containerPort: 3000
      - name: nginx
        image: ployst/nginx-ssl-proxy
        env:
        - name: SERVER_NAME
          value: "appname.example.com"
        - name: ENABLE_SSL
          value: "true"
        - name: TARGET_SERVICE
          value: "localhost:3000"
        volumeMounts:
          - name: ssl-keys
            readOnly: true
            mountPath: "/etc/secrets"          
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80
          containerPort: 443
      volumes:
      - name: ssl-keys
        secret:
          secretName: ssl-key-secret

Save this file to deployment.yaml and create deployment Kubernetes object:

kubectl create -f deployment.yaml

Wait for pods to be Read:

kubectl get pods

NAME                            READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
nodejs-hello-686bbff8d7-42mcn   2/2       Running   0          1m

Testing

For testing I setup two port forwarding rules. First is for application port and second for nginx HTTPS port:

kubectl -n test port-forward <pod> 8043:443
#and in new terminal window run
kubectl -n test port-forward <pod> 8030:3000

First lets validate that application respond on http and doesn’t respond on https requests

#using http
curl -k -H "Host: appname.example.com" http://127.0.0.1:8030/ 
Hello World! 
I am undefined!

#now using https
curl -k -H "Host: appname.example.com" https://127.0.0.1:8030/ 
curl: (35) Server aborted the SSL handshake

Note: SSL handshake issue is expected as our “legacy” application doesn’t support https and even if it would it must serve https connection on different port than http. The test goal was to demonstrate the response.

Time to test connection through sidecar nginx ssl proxy

curl -k  -H "Host: appname.example.com" https://127.0.0.1:8043/
Hello World!
I am undefined!

Great! We have got expected output through https connection.

Conclusions

  • Nginx extended nodejs app with https support with zero changes to any of containers
  • Sidecar pattern modular structure provide great re-use of containers, so teams can be focused on application development
  • Ownership of containers can be split between teams as there is no dependency between containers
  • Scaling might not be very efficient, because sidecar container have to scale with main container